Conventional feed ingredients (such as anchovy and jack mackerel)

Replaced with mealworm protein sources

1. Problems

ㆍDecline in catch due to decreasing population

ㆍWater resource pollution

2. Environmental Benefits of Substitution

ㆍHigh resource efficiency
 (requires less land, water, and feed)

ㆍImproved feed conversion ratio

3. Nutritional Value

ㆍHigh protein content
 (50–60% on a dry weight basis)

4. Safety and Reduced Disease Risk

ㆍLower risk of disease transmission and reduced use of antibiotics

ㆍGrowth rate of aquaculture species increases by 10–15%